I think, i have a solution. It seems to work.
in background.js, i use:
debug = true;
browser.runtime.openOptionsPage();
and in options.js:
var background_page = browser.extension.getBackgroundPage();
window.addEventListener('load', function () {
if(background_page.debug) {
document.getElementById("mdebug").checked = true;
}
}, false);
The default value of debug is false. If some condition is met, its set to true. Then i can load the options page. The options page now checks the background variable debug, if it is true. If thats the case, its does its job. I dont know, if i get it wrong, but it works for me. Thx for your help.